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.gitignore

+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+pip-wheel-metadata/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.manifest
+*.spec
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+*.py,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+cover/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+*.pot
+
+# Django stuff:
+*.log
+local_settings.py
+db.sqlite3
+db.sqlite3-journal
+
+# Flask stuff:
+instance/
+.webassets-cache
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+.scrapy
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+target/
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+# IPython
+profile_default/
+ipython_config.py
+
+# pyenv
+#   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+#   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+# .python-version
+
+# pipenv
+#   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
+#   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
+#   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
+#   install all needed dependencies.
+#Pipfile.lock
+
+# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow
+__pypackages__/
+
+# Celery stuff
+celerybeat-schedule
+celerybeat.pid
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+*.sage.py
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# Spyder project settings
+.spyderproject
+.spyproject
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
+
+# pytype static type analyzer
+.pytype/
+
+# Folders
+images
+music
+
+# Files
+high_score.txt
+libmpg123.dll
\ No newline at end of file

alien.py

+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+
+from path import resource_path
+
+
+class Alien(Sprite):
+    """表示单个外星人的类"""
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
+        """初始化外星人并设置初始位置"""
+        super(Alien, self).__init__()
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+        self.screen = screen
+
+        # 加载外星人的图片, 并设置其rect属性
+        asset_url = resource_path("images/alien.bmp")
+        self.image = pygame.image.load(asset_url)
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+
+        # 每个外星人最初都在屏幕的左上角附近
+        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
+        self.rect.y = self.rect.height
+
+        # 储存外星人的准确位置
+        self.x = float(self.rect.x)
+
+
+    def check_edges(self):
+        """如果外星人位于屏幕的边界就返回True"""
+        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
+        if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
+            return True
+        elif self.rect.left <= 0:
+            return True
+
+
+    def update(self):
+        """向右移动外星人"""
+        self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
+        self.rect.x = self.x
+
+    def blitme(self):
+        """在指定位置绘制外星人"""
+        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
\ No newline at end of file

alien_invasion.py

+import sys
+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Group
+
+from settings import Settings
+from game_stats import GameStats
+from scoreboard import Scoreboard
+from button import Button
+from ship import Ship
+import game_functions as gf
+
+
+
+
+def run_game():
+    # 初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象
+    pygame.init()
+    ai_settings = Settings()
+    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
+    pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
+    # 创建Play按钮
+    play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Play")
+    # 创建一个用于储存统计信息的实例
+    stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
+    sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)
+    # 创建一艘飞船
+    ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
+    # 创建用于储存子弹的编组和用于储存外星人的编组
+    bullets = Group()
+    aliens = Group()
+    # 创建外星人群
+    gf.create_aliens_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
+
+
+
+    # 开始游戏主循环
+    while True:
+        gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets)
+
+        if stats.game_active:
+            ship.update()
+            gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
+            gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
+
+
+        gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button)
+
+
+run_game()

bullet.py

+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+
+class Bullet(Sprite):
+    """一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
+        """在飞船所在的位置创建一颗子弹对象"""
+        super(Bullet, self).__init__()
+        self.screen = screen
+
+        # 在（0,0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)
+        self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx
+        self.rect.top = ship.rect.top
+
+        # 储存用小数表示的子弹位置
+        self.y = float(self.rect.y)
+
+        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
+        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
+
+
+    def update(self):
+        """向上移动子弹"""
+        # 更新表示子弹位置的小数值
+        self.rect.y -= self.speed_factor
+
+
+    def draw_bullet(self):
+        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
+        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
\ No newline at end of file

button.py

+import pygame.font
+
+class Button():
+
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg):
+        """初始化按钮属性"""
+        self.screen = screen
+        self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
+
+        # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
+        self.width = 200
+        self.height = 50
+        self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)
+        self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
+        # 设置按钮文本框中的字体类型和大小为默认48号
+        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('SimHei', 48)
+
+        # 创建按钮的rect对象，并居中
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
+        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
+
+        # 按钮标签只需要创建一次
+        self.prep_msg(msg)
+
+
+    def prep_msg(self, msg):
+        """将msg渲染为图像，并居中"""
+        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color)
+        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
+        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
+
+
+    def draw_button(self):
+        """绘制按钮"""
+        # 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮， 在绘制文本
+        self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)
\ No newline at end of file

game_functions.py

+import sys
+import pygame
+from time import sleep
+
+
+from bullet import Bullet
+from alien import Alien
+from  path import resource_path
+
+
+
+def fire_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
+    """如果还没达到限制，就发射一颗子弹"""
+    # 创建一颗子弹， 并将其加入到编组bullets中
+    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullet_allowed:
+        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
+        bullets.add(new_bullet)
+
+
+def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, bullets):
+    """响应按键"""
+    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
+        # 飞船右移
+        ship.moving_right = True
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
+        # 飞船左移
+        ship.moving_left = True
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
+        fire_bullets(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
+        # 记录最高分
+        write_high_score(stats.high_score)
+        sys.exit()
+
+
+def check_keyup_events(event, ship):
+    """响应松开"""
+    if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
+        ship.moving_right = False
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
+        ship.moving_left = False
+
+
+def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y):
+    """在玩家单击Play按钮时开始游戏"""
+    button_checked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y)
+    if button_checked and not stats.game_active:
+        # 重置游戏设置
+        ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
+        # 游戏开始后隐藏光标
+        pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
+        # 重置游戏的统计信息
+        stats.reset_stats()
+        stats.game_active = True
+        play_music()
+
+        # 重置记分牌图像
+        sb.prep_score()
+        sb.prep_high_score()
+        sb.prep_level()
+        sb.prep_ships()
+
+        # 清空外星人和子弹的列表
+        aliens.empty()
+        bullets.empty()
+
+        # 创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中
+        create_aliens_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
+        ship.center_ship()
+
+
+def write_high_score(high_score):
+    """将历史最高分写入 high_score.txt 的文件中"""
+    filename = "high_score.txt"
+    with open(filename, 'w') as file_object:
+        file_object.write(str(high_score))
+
+
+def check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets):
+    """响应键盘与鼠标事件"""
+    # 监视键盘和鼠标
+    for event in pygame.event.get():
+        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
+            # 记录历史最高分
+            write_high_score(stats.high_score)
+
+            sys.exit()
+
+        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
+            mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
+            check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y)
+        # 飞船移动
+        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
+            check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, bullets)
+        # 飞船停止移动
+        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
+            check_keyup_events(event, ship)
+
+
+def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button):
+    # 每次循环都重画屏幕
+    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
+    # 在飞船和外星人后面重画子弹
+    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
+        bullet.draw_bullet()
+    ship.blitme()
+    aliens.draw(screen)
+
+    sb.show_score()
+    # 如果游戏处于非活跃状态，就绘制Play 按钮
+    if not stats.game_active:
+        play_button.draw_button()
+
+    # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
+    pygame.display.flip()
+
+
+
+def check_bullet_alien_collection(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
+    """响应子弹和外星人的碰撞"""
+    # 如果是这样，就删除相应的子弹和外星人
+    collections = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)
+
+    if collections:
+        for aliens in collections.values():
+            stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
+            sb.prep_score()
+            check_high_score(stats, sb)
+    if len(aliens) == 0:
+        # 删除现有的子弹并新建一群外星人
+        bullets.empty()
+        ai_settings.increase_speed()
+        # 提高一个等级
+        stats.level += 1
+        sb.prep_level()
+        create_aliens_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
+
+
+def check_high_score(stats, sb):
+    """检查是否诞生了最高分"""
+    if stats.score > stats.high_score:
+        stats.high_score = stats.score
+        sb.prep_score()
+
+
+
+def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
+    """更新子弹的位置以及删除已消失的子弹"""
+    # 更新子弹的位置
+    bullets.update()
+
+    # 删除已消失的子弹
+    for bullet in bullets.copy():
+        if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
+            bullets.remove(bullet)
+    # 检查是否有子弹击中了外星人
+    check_bullet_alien_collection(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
+
+
+def play_music():
+    """播放音乐"""
+    asset_url = resource_path("music/Lost Inside.mp3")
+    pygame.mixer.init()
+    pygame.mixer.music.load(asset_url)
+    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1,0)
+
+
+def stop_music():
+    """结束音乐的播放"""
+    asset_url = resource_path("music/Lost Inside.mp3")
+    pygame.mixer.init()
+    pygame.mixer.music.load(asset_url)
+    pygame.mixer.music.stop()
+
+
+def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):
+    """计算每一行可以容纳多少个外星人"""
+    available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
+    number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
+    return number_aliens_x
+
+
+def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):
+    """计算屏幕可以容纳多少行外星人"""
+    available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - 3*alien_height - ship_height)
+    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2*alien_height))
+    return number_rows
+
+
+def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):
+    """创建一个外星人并加入到该行"""
+    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
+    alien_width = alien.rect.width
+    alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
+    alien.rect.x = alien.x
+    alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
+    aliens.add(alien)
+
+
+def create_aliens_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):
+    """创建外星人群"""
+    # 创建第一个外星人
+    alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)
+    # 计算一行可以容纳多少个外星人
+    number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)
+    number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)
+    # 创建一群外星人q
+    for row_number in range(number_rows):
+        for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
+            create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)
+
+
+def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):
+    """有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施"""
+    for alien in aliens.sprites():
+        if alien.check_edges():
+            change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)
+            break
+
+
+def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):
+    """将整群外星人下移，并改变它们的方向"""
+    for alien in aliens.sprites():
+        alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
+    ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1
+
+
+def ship_hit(ai_settings,  screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
+    """响应被外星人撞的飞船"""
+    if stats.ship_left > 0:
+        # 飞船的剩余数量（ship_left）-1
+        stats.ship_left -= 1
+        # 更新飞船数
+        sb.prep_ships()
+
+        # 清空外星人 和 子弹的列表
+        aliens.empty()
+        bullets.empty()
+
+        # 创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底部的中央位置
+        create_aliens_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)
+        ship.center_ship()
+
+        # 暂停
+        sleep(0.5)
+    else:
+        stats.game_active = False
+        stop_music()
+        pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
+
+
+def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,  screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
+    """检查是否有外星人撞击屏幕底端"""
+    screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+    for alien in aliens.sprites():
+        if alien.rect.bottom > screen_rect.bottom:
+            # 像飞船被撞一样处理
+            ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
+            break
+
+
+def update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):
+    """更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
+    check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)
+    aliens.update()
+    # 检查外星人和飞船的碰撞
+    if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):
+        ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
+
+    # 检查外星人有没有撞击屏幕底端
+    check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,  screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)
\ No newline at end of file

game_stats.py

+class GameStats():
+    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings):
+        """初始化统计信息"""
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+        self.reset_stats()
+        # 游戏刚启动时处于非活跃状态
+        self.game_active = False
+        # 在任何情况下都不应重置最高分,从文件high_score.txt文件读出最高分
+        try:
+            with open("high_score.txt") as file_object:
+                high_score = file_object.readline()
+                if high_score:
+                    high_score = int(high_score)
+                else:
+                    high_score = 0
+        except FileNotFoundError:
+            self.high_score = 0
+        else:
+            self.high_score = high_score
+
+
+
+    def reset_stats(self):
+        """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
+        self.ship_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
+        self.score = 0
+        self.level = 1
\ No newline at end of file

path.py

+import sys
+import os
+
+
+def resource_path(relative_path):
+    try:
+        # PyInstaller creates a temp folder and stores path in _MEIPASS
+        base_path = sys._MEIPASS
+    except Exception:
+        base_path = os.path.abspath(".")
+    return os.path.join(base_path, relative_path)
\ No newline at end of file

scoreboard.py

+import pygame.font
+from pygame.sprite import Group
+<